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目的了解南昌市外伤人群的流行病学特征,探讨应用破伤风人免疫球蛋白(human tetanus lmmunoglobulin,TIG)的安全性及破伤风预防的效果。方法按病历内容,对2009~2012年来南昌市疾控中心预防门诊注射TIG的781例外伤者进行流行病学调查,采用SPSS软件对调查资料进行统计学分析。结果 781例外伤者中男性549例,女性232例(P<0.000 1),以青壮年(19~30岁)居多(P<0.000 1);职业分布以工人、中小学生和个体工商户居多(P<0.000 1);致伤原因以建筑铁钉、铁管等铁器致伤为主因,其次为摔伤、铁器致伤和斗殴致伤(P<0.000 1);致伤部位主要为四肢伤(P<0.000 1)。有98.08%外伤者在24 h之内接种TIG,全部外伤者注射TIG后均未出现不良反应或发生破伤风病例。结论外伤者应用TIG预防破伤风,高效安全,特别适用于破伤风抗毒素(tetanus anti-toxin,TAT)过敏者。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of trauma patients in Nanchang and to explore the safety of tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG) and the preventive effect of tetanus. Methods According to the medical records, 781 cases of TIG in Nanning Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2009 to 2012 were investigated by epidemiological survey. SPSS software was used to analyze the survey data. Results There were 549 males and 232 females in 781 cases (P <0.0001), mostly in young adults (19-30 years) (P <0.0001). The occupations were mainly among workers, primary and middle school students and individual industrial and commercial households P <0.0001). The causes of injury were mainly caused by iron wounds such as construction nails and iron pipes, followed by falls, wounds with iron and brawl injuries (P <0.0001). The main injury sites were limb wounds P <0.000 1). 98.08% of trauma patients were vaccinated with TIG within 24 hours, and no adverse reaction or tetanus occurred in all trauma patients after TIG injection. Conclusion TIG is effective and safe for traumatic patients, especially for those with tetanus anti-toxin (TAT) allergy.