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美国环保局(EPA)制定的限制干线内燃机车和调车内燃机车有害物质排放的标准是近10年来美国确定内燃机车发展路线的重要事件。标准于1998年颁布,2002年开始生效。该标准分别对1972—1999年生产的旧机车和2000—2008年生产的新机车提出了要求。文章介绍了EPA各等级的排放标准以及美国内燃机车车队的构成情况,分析了运用于美国铁路的主型内燃机车在改善生态性能、减少燃料消耗方面所采取的措施。
The standards set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to limit the emission of harmful substances from main diesel locomotives and shunted diesel locomotives are the major events that the United States has identified in its development of diesel locomotives in the past 10 years. The standard was promulgated in 1998 and came into effect in 2002. The standard sets requirements for used locomotives produced in 1972-1999 and new locomotives produced in 2000-2008 respectively. This paper introduces the EPA emission standards and the composition of the fleet of diesel locomotives in the United States. It analyzes the measures taken by the main diesel locomotives used in the U.S. railways to improve ecological performance and reduce fuel consumption.