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以过量表达霸王液泡膜Na~+/H~+逆向转运蛋白Zx NHX和H~+-PPase Zx VP1-1基因的甜菜植株和野生型植株为材料,探究渗透胁迫下其生长、Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量的变化,分析转基因植株对渗透胁迫的耐受性。结果表明,渗透胁迫下野生型植株的生长受到抑制,叶片发黄和萎蔫;而转基因植株仍能维持正常生长。渗透胁迫下转基因植株的鲜重和组织含水量较野生型植株高41%和38%,地上部Na~+浓度是野生型植株的1.2~1.5倍,其脯氨酸浓度较野生型植株增加40%~60%。野生型植株地上部和根中K~+浓度显著性降低,而转基因植株叶片中K+分配比例增加20%。与野生型植株相比,转基因植株叶片、叶柄中的果糖和葡萄糖含量高35%~100%,贮藏根中蔗糖含量高6%~16%。因此,过量表达Zx NHX和Zx VP1-1基因能够增强甜菜离子区域化能力,使其地上部积累更多的Na~+、Ca~(2+)、脯氨酸、果糖和葡萄糖,贮藏根中积累更多蔗糖,从而增强甜菜植株对渗透胁迫的耐受性。
The sugarbeet plants and wild type plants overexpressing the Na ~ + / H ~ + antiporter ZxNHX and H ~ + -PPase Zx VP1-1 genes were used as materials to investigate the effects of osmotic stress on the growth, Na ~ +, K ~ +, Ca ~ (2+), proline and soluble sugar content of the transgenic plants were analyzed for their tolerance to osmotic stress. The results showed that under osmotic stress, the growth of wild type plants was inhibited, the leaves were yellow and wilting; while the transgenic plants still maintained normal growth. Under osmotic stress, the fresh weight and tissue water content of transgenic plants were 41% and 38% higher than those of wild type plants, Na ~ + concentration of shoots was 1.2 ~ 1.5 times higher than that of wild type plants, and the proline concentration of transgenic plants increased 40% % ~ 60%. The concentration of K ~ + in shoots and roots of wild type plants decreased significantly, while the proportion of K + in leaves of transgenic plants increased by 20%. Compared with the wild-type plants, the content of fructose and glucose in the leaves and petioles of the transgenic plants is 35% -100% higher, and the content of sucrose in the storage roots is 6% -16% higher. Therefore, overexpression of ZxNHX and Zx VP1-1 genes could enhance the ability of regionalization of sugar beet to accumulate more Na ~ +, Ca ~ (2+), proline, fructose and glucose in shoots, Accumulate more sucrose, thereby enhancing sugar beet plant tolerance to osmotic stress.