一、引言“自律”(或自主性,autonomy)是启蒙运动的一个核心概念,它除了指个体能不受外在权威宰制而具自决能力外,更能借助普遍理性为工具而达致的一个理想状态。在法国的历史语境中,这观念当然是针对着皇权和教权来说的,为要摆脱一种迷信、蒙昧和受宰 I. INTRODUCTION “Self-discipline ” (or autonomy) is a core concept of the Enlightenment. It refers not only to an individual’s self-determination ability to be controlled by external authorities but also to universal rationalism as a tool An ideal state In the historical context of France, of course, this notion is directed at the imperial power and the doctrine of authority. In order to get rid of a superstition, ignorance and slaughter