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近年来,我们对癌症遗传基础的认识发生了戏剧性的变化,这使得对癌症风险评估(Assessment)的方法、技术、工具也有了很大发展。癌症风险评估是为了估计某个体患癌症的可能性,根据迅速发展的遗传技术,重新安排已建立的经验风险模型而发展起来的一门独特的学科。癌症的发生是多因素作用的复杂过程,对其进行风险评估,需考虑几个重要的方面,癌症的遗传学基础,家族内的癌症史,技术状况与管理水平等方面。尽管癌症的遗传形式很少,但由癌症易感基因控制的风险却很大。例如妇女在生命过程中
In recent years, our understanding of the genetic basis of cancer has changed dramatically. This has led to great developments in methods, techniques, and tools for cancer risk assessment. Cancer risk assessment is a unique discipline that has been developed to estimate the likelihood of a particular cancer and to rearrange the established empirical risk model based on rapidly developing genetic techniques. The occurrence of cancer is a complex process involving multiple factors. For risk assessment, several important aspects must be considered, including the genetic basis of cancer, the history of cancer in the family, technical status, and management level. Although there are few genetic forms of cancer, there is a high risk of being controlled by cancer susceptibility genes. For example, women in their lives