早产儿代谢性骨病为新生儿期重要的慢性疾病,因早产儿钙、磷、维生素D等代谢异常等导致的骨矿物质含量下降,骨小梁数量减少、骨皮质变薄等,严重时可有佝偻病样表现,甚至出现骨折.早产儿的低胎龄和低出生体质量为代谢性骨病的重要危险因素,诊断依靠临床表现、实验室、影像学、超声学等检查.治疗需加强被动运动,补充钙、磷、维生素D,加强预防等.早发现、早诊断、早治疗,可减少代谢性骨病后遗症的发生率,减轻对早产儿的远期影响.“,”Metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP) is an important chronic disease in the neonates. The metabolic abnormalities of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D and others in premature can lead to decline of bone mineral content, decrease of trabecular bone quantity, thinning of cortical bone, etc., which can cause rickets in severe cases and even fracture. Low gestational age and low birth weight of premature are important risk factors for metabolic bone disease. The diagnosis relies on clinical features as well as laboratory, radiological and ultrasonographic examinations. The treatment includes reinforcement of the passive movement, supplementiation of the calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D, better prevention and so on. Early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment can reduce the incidence of sequelae of metabolic bone disease, and reduce the long-term impact on premature infants.