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目的研究西安市流动人口吸烟现状及其影响因素,为控烟工作提供理论依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法,于2014年5月随机抽取西安市1 222名流动人口进行问卷调查,了解个人基本信息、吸烟情况和烟草相关知识及态度。采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学分析,计数资料的比较用χ~2检验,采用多因素logistic回归分析吸烟影响因素。结果西安市流动人口标化吸烟率为36.47%。男性吸烟率(68.65%)高于女性(2.64%),建筑工人吸烟率(57.75%)高于工厂工人(43.58%)和服务业人员(30.75%),二手烟危害回答正确组吸烟率(33.93%)显著低于错误组(44.37%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对“每个人都会死亡,为什么不吸烟好好享受”、“吸烟有助于社交”、“吸烟可以提神、缓解疲劳”和“吸烟有助于减轻压力”持反对态度的吸烟者吸烟率低于持支持态度者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,男性(OR=66.491)、工厂工人(OR=1.564)是西安市流动人口吸烟的高危人群(P<0.01,P<0.05);对“吸烟有助于社交”和“吸烟可以提神、缓解疲劳”持反对态度(OR值分别为0.460和0.592)及无倾向态度(OR分别为0.783和0.259),对“吸烟有助于减轻压力”持反对态度(OR=0.530)是保护因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论西安市流动人口吸烟率高,应针对男性、工厂工人开展控烟干预,提高流动人口的烟草相关知识知晓率,培养积极的控烟态度。
Objective To study the status quo and influential factors of smoking among migrants in Xi’an and provide a theoretical basis for tobacco control. Methods A multistage cluster sampling method was used to conduct a random survey of 1 222 floating population in Xi’an in May 2014 to find out the basic information, smoking status and tobacco related knowledge and attitudes. SPSS 13.0 software was used for statistical analysis, the count data were compared using χ ~ 2 test, multivariate logistic regression analysis of smoking influencing factors. Results The standardized smoking rate of floating population in Xi’an was 36.47%. Smoking prevalence rate was higher in male workers (68.65%) than women (2.64%), smoking rate in construction workers (57.75%) was higher than that in factory workers (43.58%) and service workers (30.75% %) Was significantly lower than the error group (44.37%), the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). “Everyone dies, why not smoke and enjoy”, “Smoking helps to socialize”, “Smoking can refresh and relieve fatigue” and “Smoking helps to reduce stress” Of smokers had lower smoking prevalence than those with supportive attitude, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05, P <0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male workers (OR = 66.491), factory workers (OR = 1.564) were the highest risk of smoking in Xi’an mobile population (P <0.01, P <0.05) “Smokers can refresh themselves and relieve fatigue” (OR = 0.460 and 0.592, OR = 0.783 and -0.2592, OR = 0.783 and -0.259, respectively), and “smoking helps to reduce stress” Attitudes (OR = 0.530) were protective factors (P <0.05, P <0.01). Conclusions There is a high smoking rate among migrants in Xi’an. Tobacco control interventions should be conducted for men and factory workers so as to raise awareness of tobacco-related knowledge among floating population and develop a positive attitude toward tobacco control.