论文部分内容阅读
自晶体管问世以来半导体器件经历了分立元件、集成电路和大规模集成电路等几个发展阶段。制作半导体器件采用高纯单晶原材料并有控制地掺入适量的杂质元素,以使之具有需要的电学性能。将半导体元件,在晶片上按一定的图形排列连接起来,使之具有一定的电路功能便成为集成电路。集成电路不断发展,集成度不断提高。目前一个大规模集成电路的元件数已达十万个以上,全部元件都集成在仅几十平方毫米的单晶芯片上。
Since the advent of transistors, semiconductor devices have experienced several stages of development, including discrete components, integrated circuits and large scale integrated circuits. Production of semiconductor devices using high-purity single crystal raw materials and controlled incorporation of appropriate amount of impurity elements, so as to have the required electrical properties. The semiconductor components, the chip by a certain pattern of connection, so that it has a certain circuit function has become integrated circuits. Integrated circuits continue to evolve with ever increasing levels of integration. At present, the number of components in a large-scale integrated circuit has reached more than 100,000, and all the components are integrated in a single-crystal chip of only a few tens of square millimeters.