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众所周知,美国是管理科学的故乡,也是当代资本主义最发达的国家之一。然而没有料到的是第二次世界大战结束后,作为战败国的日本,这个在历史上极少有重大发明创造,本土自然资源贫乏,石油全部依赖进口,国土面积只相当于美国一个蒙他那州的弹丸岛国,在本世纪60年代实现了经济起飞的基础上,不仅在70年代安然度过了波及全球的石油危机,而且创造了经济持续高速增长的奇迹。到80年代初,日本的国民生产总值已跃居世界第三位,人均国民生产总值超过美苏,而居世界之首。面对日本创造的奇迹和来自日本的威胁,美国、西欧等一些资本主义发达国家感到十分震惊,美国的企业界陷入了一阵慌恐之中,甚至发生了信心危机。
As we all know, the United States is the home of management science and one of the most developed countries in contemporary capitalism. However, what was not expected was that after the end of the Second World War, as a defeated country, Japan, there were very few major inventions in history, the local natural resources were scarce, and the oil was all dependent on imports. The land area was only equivalent to the United States. The island’s projectile island nation, based on the economic take-off in the 1960s, not only survived the global oil crisis in the 1970s, but also created a miraculous economic growth. By the early 1980s, Japan’s gross national product had leapt to the third place in the world, its per capita gross national product surpassed that of the United States and the Soviet Union, and ranked first in the world. Faced with the miracles created by Japan and the threat from Japan, some capitalist developed countries such as the United States and Western Europe were very shocked. The American business community was caught in a panic and even a crisis of confidence occurred.