论文部分内容阅读
离子液体具有绿色环保、不易挥发、加工性强、稳定性高以及结构设计性强等特点,最近几年在合成碳纳米材料中的应用引起了人们的广泛关注。虽然对离子液体的成碳机理,尤其是成碳时介孔的形成机理尚没有完整的认识,但由其制备的碳纳米材料已初步应用于燃料电池、锂离子电池及电化学电容器等领域。本文介绍了离子液体作为新型前驱体制备含氮碳纳米材料的优势、结构要求及影响含氮量的主要因素,论述了离子液体在制备含氮碳纳米材料(包括介孔碳、碳纳米纤维和辅助碳纳米材料)中的最新研究进展,尤其是利用离子液体可实现含氮介孔碳材料的无模板法合成,并从前驱体的交联、碳化、阴/阳离子组成和孔的缺陷等方面讨论了影响介孔结构形成的因素。
Ionic liquids have the characteristics of environmental protection, nonvolatile volatility, strong processability, high stability and strong structural design. In recent years, the use of ionic liquids has attracted much attention in the field of synthetic carbon nanomaterials. Although the mechanism of carbon formation of ionic liquids, especially the formation mechanism of mesopores into carbon, is not fully understood, the carbon nanomaterials prepared from them have been initially applied in the fields of fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors. In this paper, the advantages and structural requirements of ionic liquids as nitrogen precursors for preparation of nitrogen-containing carbon nanomaterials and the main factors influencing the nitrogen content were introduced. The effects of ionic liquids on the preparation of nitrogen-containing carbon nanomaterials (including mesoporous carbon, carbon nanofibers and Assisted carbon nanomaterials). In particular, the ionic liquid can be used for the template-free synthesis of nitrogen-containing mesoporous carbon materials. In addition, from the aspects of crosslinking, carbonation, anion / cation composition and pore defects of the precursors The factors affecting the formation of mesoporous structure are discussed.