人们在一种情境中所获得的知识或技能，可以影响到随后学习的另一种知识或技能，这叫知识或技能的迁移。我们把已经获得的知识、已经掌握的技能对学习新知识、新技能的积极影响叫做正迁移；反之则称为负迁移。学生学习外语一般是在本族语已掌握到一定程度之后开始的，所以必须? The knowledge or skill one obtains in one situation can affect another knowledge or skill that is learned later, which is called the transfer of knowledge or skill. We call the positive impact of the acquired knowledge and the acquired skills on the learning of new knowledge and new skills as the positive ones, while the negative ones on the other hand are called the negative ones. Students usually begin to learn foreign languages ​​after the native language has been mastered to a certain extent, so they must?