我国是全球22个肺结核高负担国家之一,肺结核患者数居世界第1位~([1]),肺结核病已成为危及人类健康和生命的严重公共卫生问题~([2])。世界卫生组织在20世纪90年代推荐肺结核病人在医务人员直接督导下的短程化疗以来,我国在结核病人的治疗管理上取得了举世瞩目的成就~([3])。但随着经济发展与医疗卫生体制改革,流动人口的增量和肺结核的低发现率等原因制约着结核病化疗工作有效开 China is one of the 22 countries with a high burden of tuberculosis in the world, with tuberculosis number one in the world ~ ([1]). Tuberculosis has become a serious public health problem that threatens human health and life. [2] Since the World Health Organization recommended to TB patients under the direct supervision of medical staff in the 1990s, China has made remarkable achievements in the treatment and management of tuberculosis patients [3]. However, with the economic development and health care system reform, the increase of floating population and the low detection rate of tuberculosis and other reasons restricting the effective work of tuberculosis and chemotherapy