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在低温下服役的压力容器往往存在着低应力脆性破坏的危险性。为了保证低温压力容器(以下简称低容)及其他结构服役的安全,防止冷脆事故的发生,国外在本世纪四十年代起对冷脆事故开始进行系统的分析研究;对冷脆断裂的规律、机理及评定方法等方面进行了研究。美国、英国、西德,日本等国针对低容的特点和本国情况相继制订出各自的低容技术标准,对设计、选材、制造和检验各环节作出了系统的技术规定,并不断修订完善,保证了标准的先进性。
Pressure vessels in service at low temperatures are often at risk of brittle failure at low stresses. In order to ensure the serviceability of cryogenic pressure vessels (hereinafter referred to as low capacity) and other structures and to prevent the occurrence of cold and brittle accidents, the cold crisp accidents in foreign countries began to be systematically analyzed and researched since the 1940s. The laws of cold and brittle fracture , Mechanism and evaluation methods and other aspects were studied. The United States, Britain, West Germany, Japan and other countries have formulated their own low-tolerance technical standards for the characteristics of low-capacity and their own conditions, made systematic technical regulations on the design, material selection, manufacturing and testing of various links and have constantly revised and improved, Ensure the standard of advanced.