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综述了与彩色马铃薯色素产生与分布相关基因座的观念起源、种类、功能和染色体定位。与彩色马铃薯色素相关基因座的观念起源于试图解释四倍体和二倍体马铃薯块茎和其他部位颜色呈现遗传行为的两个遗传模式。与彩色马铃薯色素相关的13个基因座可划分为4类,第1、第2和第3类分别与马铃薯花色苷的合成、酰化和分布有关,第4类与马铃薯类胡萝卜素的产生相关。基因座I,P,R和Y分别编码一个MYB结构域转录因子、类黄酮3′,5′-羟化酶、二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶和β-胡萝卜素羟化酶。基因座之间复杂多样的互作综合决定了彩色马铃薯色素特别是花色苷的产生与分布。基因座D和R定位在马铃薯的2号染色体上,E,F,I和PSC在10号染色体上,P在11号染色体上,Y在3号染色体上。可为彩色马铃薯颜色呈现的遗传机理探索提供参考。
The origins, types, functions and chromosomal location of the loci related to the production and distribution of colored potato pigments are reviewed. The notion of a locus associated with a color potato originated in two genetic models that attempt to explain the genetic behavior of tetraploid and diploid potato tubers and other parts of the color. The 13 loci associated with the color potato pigments can be divided into four categories. The first, second, and third are related to the synthesis, acylation and distribution of potato anthocyanins, respectively. The fourth category is related to the production of potato carotenoids . Loci I, P, R and Y encode a MYB domain transcription factor, flavonoid 3 ’, 5’-hydroxylase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase and beta-carotene hydroxylase, respectively. Complex and diverse interactions among loci determine the production and distribution of color potato pigments, especially anthocyanins. Loci D and R are located on potato chromosome 2, E, F, I and PSC are on chromosome 10, P is on chromosome 11, and Y is on chromosome 3. It can provide a reference for exploring the genetic mechanism of color potato color.