Timber trade cooperation between China and Russia is one of the most important strategic partnerships. From the supply aspect, this paper discussed the natural resource element in bilateral timber trade cooperation between China and Russia with Hecksher-Ohlin model. And from the perspective of the demand, the commercioganic effect of continuous and quick economic development in China on the bilateral trade was analyzed. At the same time, the impacts of the trade policies changes in two states as well as international market factors, such as international environmental protection, forest certification, international trade barrier, the rise of crude oil price across the world, currency appreciation and the RMB exchange rate alteration, on the bilateral timber trade cooperation between China and Russia were also clarified in this paper. Timber trade cooperation between China and Russia is one of the most important strategic partnerships. From the supply aspect, this paper discussed the natural resource element in bilateral timber trade cooperation between China and Russia with Hecksher-Ohlin model. And from the perspective of the demand , the commercioganic effect of continuous and quick economic development in China on the bilateral trade was analyzed. At the same time, the impacts of the trade policies changes in two states as well as international market factors, such as as international environmental protection, forest certification, international trade barrier, the rise of crude oil price across the world, currency appreciation and the RMB exchange rate alteration, on the bilateral timber trade cooperation between China and Russia were also clarified in this paper.