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一、什么是智能材料 近年来国际上兴起的智能材料来自于日本和美国科学家创制的材料新概念,它是指能够直接感受外部信号并自动反馈指令的新型功能材料。智能材料所具有的功能包括:自我回复性(形状和物理化学性能能够自动复原)、自我调节和控制(能够随着外部环境的需要而自动变化自身的状态)、自我诊断和自我预警(对于材料和部件内的缺陷和损伤能够自动觉察和报警)等功能。 智能材料的出现,能缩短从信号的收集到信号的反馈所需要的线路输送距离,简化高功能仪器设备的结构;使许多特殊的苛刻环境下的操作变得更安全更准确;智能材料拉近了人造材料与人的距离,增加人——机的“亲近感”。显然,智能材料的发展方向,顺应了21世纪的生物科学和生命科学的发展方向。
First, what is smart material In recent years, the international rise of smart materials from Japan and the United States scientists created a new concept of materials, it refers to the ability to directly feel the external signal and automatically feedback instructions new functional materials. Features of smart materials include self-healing (self-healing shape and physicochemical properties), self-regulation and control (to automatically change their state as the environment exits), self-diagnosis and self-alerting (for materials And parts within the defects and damage can automatically detect and alarm) and other functions. The emergence of smart materials can shorten the line transmission distance required for signal collection from feedback to signal, simplify the structure of high-performance instrumentation and equipment, make operations safer and more accurate in many special harsh environments, and bring smart materials closer Man-made materials and the distance between people and machines to increase the “sense of intimacy.” Obviously, the direction of the development of smart materials conforms to the development direction of biological sciences and life sciences in the 21st century.