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目的探讨隧道工矽肺的死亡特点及其影响因素,为尘肺病防治提供依据。方法对某铁路工程施工企业1963-2004年间确诊的489例隧道矽肺(死亡164例,现患325例)按全国尘肺流行病学调查方案建立尘肺病例卡,使用Access软件建立数据库,SPSS10.0软件进行统计分析。结果489例隧道工矽肺死亡164例,全死因病死率33.54%,平均死亡年龄63.26岁,随死亡年代的延长而延长(P<0.01);合并结核矽肺病死率(55.24%)明显高于单纯矽肺病死率(27.60%)(P<0.01);肺心病、肺癌、尘肺、肺结核、肺炎构成隧道工矽肺前五位死因。结论应加强隧道工呼吸系统疾病的职业健康监护。
Objective To study the characteristics and influencing factors of death of silicosis in tunnel workers and provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis. Methods A pneumoconiosis case card was established in 489 cases of tunnel silicosis (164 cases of death and 325 cases of current illness) diagnosed by a railway construction enterprise from 1963 to 2004 according to the National Pneumoconiosis Investigation Program. The software of Access Software was used to establish the database. SPSS10.0 software conduct statistical analysis. Results The mortality of silicosis in 489 tunnel workers was 164, the death rate of all causes was 33.54%, the average age of death was 63.26 years old, prolonged with the extension of death (P <0.01). The mortality rate of silicosis complicated with tuberculosis (55.24%) was significantly higher than that of simple silicosis The mortality rate was 27.60% (P <0.01). Pulmonary heart disease, lung cancer, pneumoconiosis, pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumonia constituted the top five causes of death of tunnel silicosis. Conclusion Occupational health monitoring of respiratory workers should be strengthened.