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为了揭示雌雄异株工业大麻品种群体的遗传结构,本研究采用RAPD和ISSR分子标记对云南省5个典型的雌雄异株工业大麻品种群体(云麻1号~云麻5号)的遗传多样性和遗传分化进行了评价。结果显示,所用的4条RAPD引物和8条ISSR引物在5个工业大麻品种群体共120个个体中扩增出74个位点,其中多态位点64个,多态率达86.5%。5个工业大麻品种总的Nei’s基因多样性(He)为0.309 5,群体内Nei’s基因多样性介于0.216 7~0.287 8,平均值为0.251 3,遗传多样性水平呈现出:云麻3号>云麻4号>云麻1号>云麻5号>云麻2号;群体间遗传相似系数介于0.874 9~0.925 5,群体间基因流(Nm)为2.159 5,表明5个工业大麻品种群体之间遗传同质化程度较高。5个品种群体之间遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.188,即总的遗传变异中有18.8%存在品种群体之间,人工选择使工业大麻品种间遗传分化显著大于风媒传粉植物居群间遗传分化的平均值(Gst为0.100)。本研究结果表明,雌雄异株工业大麻品种群体遗传相似性较高,加大群体内选择纯化或者使用遗传背景差异大的群体开展工业大麻品种育种具有较大潜力。
In order to reveal the genetic structure of a dioecious marijuana population, genetic diversity of five typical marijuana industrial maize populations (Yunma 1 to Yunma 5) in Yunnan Province was studied using RAPD and ISSR markers. And genetic differentiation were evaluated. The results showed that 74 RAPD primers and 8 ISSR primers were used to amplify 74 polymorphic loci in 120 individuals of 5 industrial cannabis populations, including 64 polymorphic loci with a polymorphism rate of 86.5%. The total Nei’s gene diversity (He) of 5 industrial cannabis cultivars was 0.309 5, the diversity of Nei’s gene within populations was 0.216 7 ~ 0.287 8 with an average of 0.251 3, and the genetic diversity showed that Yunma 3> Yunma 4> Yunma 1> Yunma 5> Yunma 2; the genetic similarity coefficients of the population ranged from 0.874 9 to 0.925 5, and the population gene flow (Nm) was 2.159 5, indicating that 5 industrial cannabis cultivars There is a high degree of genetic homogeneity among groups. The genetic differentiation coefficient (Gst) was 0.188 between the five breeds, that is, 18.8% of the total genetic variation existed among the breeds. Artificial selection made the genetic differentiation among industrial cannabis significantly more than the genetic differentiation among the populations (Gst of 0.100). The results of this study showed that there is a high potential for genetic breeding of commercial varieties of cannabis in industrial hemp breeding because of the high genetic similarity among different groups of commercial marijuana, increasing population selection and purification, or using populations with large genetic backgrounds.