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列车高速进入隧道时,在车头前方产生的压缩波,沿着隧道以声速传播,并在隧道出口处以微压波的形式向周围辐射。微压波强度正比于隧道入口处压强时间导数。本文建立了列车隧道气动效应计算的轴对称简化模型。分析了速度、阻塞比、车头饱满度与长宽比对最大压缩波压强时间导数的影响,拟合了工程计算公式。该式同前人的实验吻合较好,为车头线型的优化与微压波影响的分析提供了有效的工具。
When the train enters the tunnel at high speed, the compressional wave generated in front of the front of the vehicle propagates at the speed of sound along the tunnel and radiates to the surroundings at the exit of the tunnel as a micro-pressure wave. Micro-pressure wave intensity is proportional to the pressure at the entrance to the tunnel time derivative. In this paper, a simplified axisymmetric model for calculating the aerodynamic effect of train tunnels is established. The effects of velocity, blockage ratio, head fullness and aspect ratio on the time derivative of maximum compressional wave pressure are analyzed, and the engineering formula is fitted. The formula is in good agreement with previous experiments, which provides an effective tool for the optimization of the front line and the analysis of the influence of micro-pressure wave.