再生障碍性贫血(AA)是一种危及生命的骨髓衰竭疾病，其病理生理学目前尚不明确。微小RNA(miRNA)是一类长度约为22个核苷酸的非编码单链小RNA，参与基因转录后的表达调控。最近国内外研究表明，miRNA在AA患者中表达异常，可能参与AA的发生、发展。现就miRNA在AA中的研究进展作一综述。“,”Aplastic anemia (AA) refers to a life-threatening bone marrow failure disorder.With respect to the precise pathophysiology of AA at present, it is still unclear.MicroRNA (miRNA), about 22 nucleotides in length, is a kind of small RNAs and it can regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally.According to domestic and foreign reports recently, there are abnormal expressions of several miRNAs in AA patients, suggesting that miRNAs may be involved in the development and progression of AA.This article reviews the study progress of miRNAs in AA.