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为进一步研究冬小麦节水灌溉,明确其水分运筹规律,2014—2015年度和2015—2016年度,在冬小麦全生育期降雨量与常年相当的情况下,采取趁墒播种等技术措施,示范研究了“一水千斤”简化栽培模式。试验表明:石家庄地区近十年冬小麦全生育期平均降雨量为132.4 mm,仅占平均需水量三分之一左右;不考虑0~40 cm水分活跃层的情况,40 cm以下土层土壤含水量随土层的下降呈逐渐增加的趋势,冬小麦拔节前各土层的含水量均在萎蔫系数之上;“一水千斤”模式下全生育期冬小麦平均耗水量4404.0 m~3/hm~2,土壤平均耗水量1852.5 m~3/hm~2,全生育期耗水量与常规灌溉模式下接近;明确了冀中南地区实施“一水千斤”模式实现节水与高产相统一,冬小麦灌水量应在1200 m~3/hm~2以上,全生育总耗水量应达到4650 m~3/hm~2以上。
In order to further study the water-saving irrigation of winter wheat and clarify the rules of its water-saving, in the years of 2014-2015 and 2015-2016, under the condition that the rainfall during the whole growth period of winter wheat is equal to that of normal years, “One kilogram of water” to simplify the cultivation mode. The results showed that the average rainfall of whole winter wheat in Shijiazhuang during the recent ten years was 132.4 mm, accounting for only about one third of the average water requirement. Regardless of the active layer 0-40 cm, the soil moisture content below 40 cm The water content of each soil layer before the jointing of winter wheat was above the wilting coefficient. The average water consumption of winter wheat during the whole growth period was 4404.0 m ~ 3 / hm ~ 2, the average soil water consumption was 1852.5 m ~ 3 / hm ~ 2, and the water consumption during the whole growth period was similar to that under the conventional irrigation mode. It was clarified that the implementation of “one kilogram of water” mode in central and south of Hebei Province realized the unity of water saving and high yield, The irrigation amount of winter wheat should be above 1200 m ~ 3 / hm ~ 2, and the total water consumption of whole growth should reach 4650 m ~ 3 / hm ~ 2.