从理论与具体实践上来讲,管理科学从一开始都充满和离不开沟通,管理的实质和核心是沟通。从管理的对象来看,管理对象按照现代划分方法,可分为物质资源和人力资源。物质资源又包括有形物质和无形物质。有形物质最典型的就是生产资料、机器设备等等。无形物质包括知识和信息技术等等;更广义地,也可以包括企业的品牌、商誉等等无形资产。人力资源则包括了人所带来的一切资源, In terms of theory and practice, management science is full and inseparable from the very beginning. Communication is the essence and the core of management. According to the management object, the management object can be divided into material resources and human resources according to the modern division method. Material resources in turn include tangible and intangible material. The most typical tangible material is the means of production, machinery and equipment and so on. Intangibles include knowledge and information technology, etc .; more broadly, intangible assets such as corporate brand, goodwill, etc. may also be included. Human resources include all the resources brought by people,