大脑的一个显著特点是越用越灵活,越“闲置”就越迟钝。常见一些退休老人,由于常年无所用“心”,结果很快就记忆力衰退,少数老人未到“古稀之年”已患“老年痴呆症”,乃至生活不能自理。而一些科学家由于常年不间断地进行着繁重而复杂的脑力劳动,乃至“耄耋之年”仍然思维敏捷,语言锋利,并无头脑衰朽的主观感觉。近些年,人们还发现,人脑的活动量与人的身体健康有密切联系。经常科学地用脑,不间断地进行正常而繁重的思维活动的人,平均寿命要高于不肯用脑、思考迟钝的人。过去我们常说“生命在于运动”,近些年已被“生命在于脑运动”代替了。为了使人们的头脑保持灵活机敏,我们应当象对待身体的其它器官一样,让大脑也经常做些体操——。马克思在艰巨的写作任务之余,经常用解些高等数学习题的方法,使大脑得到休息,大概也是在做必要的思维体操吧。 n·兹拉凯维奇(n·孔)于一九八三年用俄文在纽约出版了一本名为《测验一下自己的能力》的小册子,其中汇集了一百二十四个逻辑测试题,目的就是为了使读者在做必要的“思维体操”中,提高逻辑思维能力。这一百二十四个测试题有难有易。本刊拟编译其中推理性、趣味性较强的若干题目,并进行必要的逻辑分析,以飨读者。当然,有些题目难度是较大的,甚至百思不得其解。这时读者会望而生畏,甚至望而却步的。但,正是在这种时候,我们的大脑正在做着“大运动量”的“思维体操”。只要再坚持一下,疑团就可能被解开。这时,正如本书作者在“前言”中说的,你会产生一种“奇妙的欢乐感觉”(“pagoema”)愿读者能尽快找到这种感觉。为此,本刊特辟“思维体操”专栏,每期给出一个测试题,并对上期的题目作出答案,进行必要的逻辑分析,希望读者喜欢这个栏目,并多提宝贵意见。 One notable feature of the brain is that the more flexible it is, the more “idle” it becomes. Some retired elders are common. As a result of perennial useless “heart”, the result is that memory soon declines. A handful of elderly people have not yet reached the age of old age with Alzheimer’s disease and can not even take care of themselves. However, some scientists, due to their complicated and complicated brain work all year round, and even the “Happy New Year” are still quick-witted, sharp-tongued, and subdued. In recent years, people also found that the amount of activity in the human brain is closely linked to the health of people. People who use their brain often and scientifically to carry out normal and heavy thinking activities without interruption, have an average life expectancy higher than those who refuse to use their brains and think slowly. In the past, we often say that “life is movement.” In recent years, “life has been replaced by brain movement.” In order to keep people’s minds agile, we should treat the other organs of the body as much as possible, letting the brain do the exercises regularly. Apart from the arduous tasks of writing, Marx often uses some methods of advanced mathematical exercises to rest the brain and presumably to do the necessary thinking exercises. n Zlakiewicz (n.H.K.) published a booklet entitled “Test your abilities” in Russian in New York in 1983, bringing together one hundred and twenty-four logics Test questions, the purpose is to enable readers to do the necessary “thinking gymnastics” to improve the ability of logical thinking. This one hundred twenty-four test questions are hard to come by. This print compiles some reasoning, interesting topics, and carry out the necessary logical analysis to readers. Of course, some questions are more difficult, even baffled. At this point the reader will be daunting, even prohibitive. But, precisely at this time, our brain is doing “large amount of exercise” “thinking gymnastics.” As long as you persist, the mystery may be solved. At this moment, as the author of this book said in the “Preface”, you will have a “wonderful sensation of joy” (“pagoema”) that readers will find as soon as possible. To this end, we publish the “Thinking Gymnastics” column, each giving a test question, and the last issue of the answer, the necessary logic analysis, I hope readers like this section, and more valuable comments.