一、所有者缺位问题是国有企业体制上的难题 在国有企业的改革过程中，“产权清晰”和“政企分开”一直是两个难题。深圳市率先进行国有资产经营管理体制的改革，建立了三级国有资产经营管理体制，解决了“政企分开”的问题。国有企业与原行业行政管理部门挂钩，由国有资产经营 First, the owner of the vacancy problem is the system of state-owned enterprises in the reform of state-owned enterprises in the process of reform, “property rights” and “separation of government and enterprises has been two problems. Shenzhen took the lead in reforming the state-owned assets management system and established a three-level system of management and operation of state-owned assets to solve the problem of ”separating government from enterprises." State-owned enterprises are linked with the former administrative departments of industry and run by state-owned assets