用特异性放免测定法研究了正常人、胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＩＤＤＭ）及非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）患者空腹及糖负荷后胰升糖素含量的变化．结果显示，糖尿病患者空腹及糖负荷后胰升糖素水平明显升高，各时相均显著高于正常人，提示糖尿病患者存在胰岛Ａ细胞功能障碍．ＮＩＤＤＭ患者糖负荷后胰岛素／胰升糖素比值的升高幅度显著低于正常人，而ＩＤＤＭ患者糖负荷后此比值无升高曲线．胰岛素／胰升糖素的比值变化，对糖尿病分型及治疗有一定临床意义． The changes of glucagon content after fasting and glucose loading in normal, insulin-dependent (IDDM) and non-insulin dependent (NIDDM) patients were studied by specific radioimmunoassay. The results showed that fasting serum glucose and glucagon load levels were significantly increased, each time was significantly higher than normal, suggesting that diabetic patients with pancreatic islet cell dysfunction. In NIDDM patients, the increase of insulin / glucagon ratio after glycemic control was significantly lower than that of normal subjects, while there was no increase in this ratio after glycemic load in IDDM patients. Insulin / glucagon ratio changes, the type and treatment of diabetes has some clinical significance.