佛教在朝鲜半岛的流传,既出现了高丽朝时期的鼎盛与繁荣景象,又出现了朝鲜朝时期的生存危机。佛教面对朝鲜朝时期的政策与理论危机,被迫躲到山林之中,从而形成了韩国佛教发展史上所特有的“山僧禅”。山僧禅一方面所突出的是僧侣被禁止出入都城而只能长时间居住在山林之中,在山林中传法弘法生存;另一方面强调的是它在理论和僧团上主要是以禅宗为主导,各宗派相混合、界限模糊。而在理论上,山僧禅的最大特色就是提倡儒佛会通,从而缓解来自儒学的挑战。从已和的《显正论》,到普雨的《一正论》,乃至后来休静的《三家龟鉴》,所走的儒佛会通论都是在强烈的排佛政策下,为了寻求佛教自身的发展而不得不采取的一种发展方式。 The spread of Buddhism on the Korean Peninsula has not only seen the flourishing and prosperous scene of the Koryo Dynasty but also the survival crisis in the Joseon Dynasty. Faced with the crisis of policy and theory during the Joseon Dynasty, Buddhism was forced to hide in the mountains and forests, thus forming a unique monasticism in the history of Korean Buddhism. On the one hand, monks and monks are prominent is the monks were banned from entering the capital but only for a long time to live in the mountains, in the mountains and forests to spread law to survive; the other hand, stressed that it is mainly in the theory and the monk mainly Zen As the leading, various sects mixed, fuzzy boundaries. In theory, Shan monk Zen is the most prominent feature is to promote Confucianism and Buddhism, thus easing the challenges from Confucianism. From the “obvious theory” that has been made and the “one positive theory” of universal rain and even the later “three turtle tufts” which are quiet, the general theory of Confucianism and Buddhism they walked was that under the strong order of buddhism, in order to seek Buddhism has its own development and had to take a way of development.