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Objective: The aim of the study was to probe into the impacts of the times of preventive transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) after operation treatment for patients with primary liver cancer on their survival. Methods: We selected 103 patients with primary liver cancer to conduct retrospective analysis who received preventive TACE after operation treatment between 2003 and 2008 and analyzed the impact of TACE times on the patients. Results: The survival rates for 103 patients after treatment with TACE for 1 year, 2 years and 3 years were 94.17%, 65.05% and 40.78% respectively. We adopted Kaplan-Meier to analyze the survival rate. When TACE times were more than 1 time (χ2 = 7.779, P = 0.005; χ2 =11.806, P = 0.001) and 2 times (χ2 = 4.306, P = 0.038; χ2 = 4.769, P = 0.029), they respectively had statistics significance to increase 2-year survival rate and 3-year survival rate of patients. They have no significant relevance with 1-year survival rate (P > 0.05). When TACE time was more than 3 times, it had not statistics significance to enhance 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates of patients (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The 1-3 times of preventive TACE treatment can improve patients survival rate in the near future.