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为了分析悬架系统对车辆舒适性和道路友好性的影响和选择合理的车辆悬架参数,建立了七自由度的四轴拖挂车辆动力学模型。以拖车车身垂向加速度和各轴轮胎对路面的动作用力为目标函数,通过统一目标函数法,对拖挂车辆的各悬架参数进行多目标优化设计。优化后,拖车车身垂向加速度下降了21.43%,对路面具有最大作用力的拖车后轮的动载力减小了17.72%。优化结果表明:合理选择拖挂车辆悬架参数不但可保证车辆行驶的舒适性,而且还能明显减小重载车辆对路面的动作用力,减轻对路面的损伤。
In order to analyze the influence of suspension system on vehicle comfort and road friendliness and select reasonable vehicle suspension parameters, a seven-DOF four-axle trailer vehicle dynamics model is established. Taking the vertical acceleration of the trailer body and the force acting on the road surface of each axle as the objective function, the multi-objective optimization design of each suspension parameter of the trailer vehicle is carried out by the unified objective function method. After optimization, the vertical acceleration of the trailer body decreased by 21.43%, and the dynamic load of the rear wheel with the maximum force on the road surface decreased by 17.72%. The results of optimization show that choosing reasonable parameters of suspension vehicle can not only ensure the comfort of driving, but also significantly reduce the force of heavy vehicles on the road and reduce the damage to the road surface.