直背综合征者常因就诊时听诊发现胸骨左缘收缩期杂音而被误诊为先天性心脏病。笔者曾遇4例,现报道如下。例1:男,18岁。从少年时起易患感冒、咳嗽,多次在当地医院诊断“先天性心脏病、肺动脉瓣狭窄”。来本院前5天征兵体检再次做出同样诊断。查体:瘦长体型,胸廓扁平,胸椎平直,生理性向后弯曲消失,肩胛间区凹陷。双肺正常,心界不大,心率82次/分,律齐,胸骨左缘二三肋间闻及收缩期喷射性Ⅱ～Ⅲ级杂音,压迫胸骨后杂音增强。余未见异常。X 线胸部正侧位片示胸廓前后径与横径比值为0.36,彩色多普勒 Straight-back syndrome is often diagnosed as a result of auscultation at the left sternal systolic murmur was diagnosed with congenital heart disease. I have encountered in 4 cases, are reported below. Example 1: Male, 18 years old. From a teenager since the onset of a cold, cough, many times in the local hospital diagnosis of “congenital heart disease, pulmonary stenosis.” 5 days before the hospital conscription medical examination to make the same diagnosis again. Physical examination: thin and long body, flat thoracic, thoracic and straight, physiological backward bending disappeared, scapular area depression. Normal lungs, the heart is not big, heart rate 82 beats / min, Law Qi, sternal interosseous intercostal smell on the left and systolic ejection class Ⅱ ~ Ⅲ murmur, compression of the sternal murmur enhanced. I no abnormalities. The X-ray chest posterior lateral radiograph showed thoracic anteroposterior diameter and diameter ratio of 0.36, color Doppler