论文部分内容阅读
目的:探讨三亚市近13年来5岁以下儿童死亡原因和变化趋势,为制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法:对三亚市2000~2012年5岁以下儿童死亡的现状、死因结构及有关因素进行回顾性分析。结果:三亚市近13年来5岁以下儿童共71 117例,死亡1 064例,平均死亡率为14.96‰,年均下降速率为2.30%。分析表明其死亡率呈波浪式下降趋势,5岁以下儿童死因主要为早产低体重、出生窒息、肺炎、意外伤害、先天性异常等。结论:降低5岁以下儿童死亡率,关键在于降低新生儿死亡率。应加强孕期和儿童保健工作,积极推广产儿科适宜技术,加强健康教育宣传,提高婚前医学检查覆盖率和产前诊断技术水平,降低出生缺陷发生率和改善农村地区儿童的生存质量。
Objective: To investigate the causes and trends of death among children under 5 years of age in Sanya City in recent 13 years, and provide a scientific basis for formulating intervention measures. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the status of death, the cause of death and other related factors of children under 5 years of age from 2000 to 2012 in Sanya City. Results: There were 71,117 children under 5 years of age in Sanya City in the past 13 years, with 1 064 deaths, the average death rate was 14.96 ‰ and the annual average rate of decrease was 2.30%. Analysis showed that the mortality rate showed a declining wave trend. The main causes of death among children under 5 years old were premature birth and low birth weight, birth asphyxia, pneumonia, accidental injuries and congenital anomalies. Conclusion: The key to reducing the under-five mortality rate is to reduce the neonatal mortality rate. Pregnancy and child health should be strengthened, appropriate pediatric techniques should be promoted, health education should be promoted, premarital medical examination coverage and prenatal diagnosis should be improved, the incidence of birth defects should be reduced, and the quality of life of children in rural areas should be improved.