海浪预报 船在水中所受阻力要比空气对它的阻力大得多,尤其在浪中航行,船速下降更显著。此外,海浪造成船的纵摇、横摇、垂荡、碎击等也是船体结构的大敌。所以,海浪预报是气象业务需要的核心预报产品。预报海浪的方法比较多,归纳起来可分三类:统计预报方法、能量平衡预报方法和波谱预报方法,后两类属于数值预报范筹。 统计预报是建立在海浪和风向、风速、风时和风区的相关性的基础之上的。当然,在浅海区还和水深有关,一般相关形式为: h,λ=f(W,D,t,H)式中h为浪高,λ为波长,W为风速,D为风区,t为风时、H为水深。例如,苏联A.提出下列公式: Wave forecast ship resistance in the water than it is much greater resistance to the air, especially in the waves sailing, the ship’s speed decline even more significant. In addition, waves caused by the ship pitch, roll, heave, broken, etc. are also the enemy of the hull structure. So, the wave forecast is the core forecast product needed by meteorological business. The methods of forecasting waves are more and can be summed up in three categories: statistical forecasting method, energy balance forecasting method and spectral forecasting method, the latter two belong to the numerical forecasting range. Statistical forecasting is based on the correlation between ocean waves and wind direction, wind speed, wind time and wind zone. Of course, it is also related to the depth of the water in the shallow sea area, generally related to the form: h, λ = f (W, D, t, H) where h is the wave height, λ is the wavelength, W is the wind speed, Wind, H is water depth. For example, the Soviet Union proposed the following formula: