精氨酸加压素 (AVP)主要是由下丘脑室旁核 (PVN)和视上核 (SON)的加压素能神经元合成分泌。近年来的研究表明 ,AVP作为一种血管活性肽与高血压的发病有关。本文采用二肾一夹法制成高血压模型。应用光、电镜技术、免疫细胞化学技术和图象分析技术对实验性高血压大鼠 PVN加压素神经元进行了研究 ,并与 SON加压素神经元及正常大鼠进行比较。研究结果表明 ,实验性高血压大鼠 PVN和 SON内 AVP阳性细胞中分泌颗粒密集呈棕黄色 ,正常大鼠组染色浅谈。图象分析检测两组 PVN和 SON中 AVP阳性细胞平均灰度值。所得数据分别经统计学处理。实验组和正常组 AVP神经元在PVN有显著性差异 ;在 SON也有显著性差异。但在实验组内的 PVN和 SON之间无显著性差异 ,正常大鼠组 PVN和 SON之间亦无显著性差异。结果表明 ,实验性高血压大鼠在血压升高时 ,PVN和 SON内加压素神经元的分泌增强 Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is secreted mainly by vasopressinergic neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON). Recent studies have shown that AVP as a vasoactive peptide and the pathogenesis of hypertension. In this paper, two kidneys with a clip made of hypertension model. PVN vasopressin neurons in experimental hypertensive rats were studied by light, electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry and image analysis, and compared with SON vasopressin neurons and normal rats. The results showed that the secretory granules in AVP positive cells of PVN and SON in experimental hypertensive rats were densely brown, and the staining of normal rats was not obvious. Image analysis detected the mean gray value of AVP positive cells in PVN and SON in two groups. The data obtained were statistically processed. AVP neurons in experimental group and normal group had significant difference in PVN; there was also significant difference in SON. However, there was no significant difference between PVN and SON in the experimental group, and there was no significant difference between PVN and SON in the normal rat group. The results showed that the secretion of PVN and SON vasopressin neurons increased in experimental hypertensive rats