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在利什曼原虫和其它动基体目生物的线粒体内,存在一种特异的DNA结构,即动基体DNA(kDNA)。对利什曼原虫而言,每个kDNA包括数以万计的大环和数以千计的微环。这些微环与向导RNAs(guide RNAs,gRNAs)产物有关,后者有编辑大环的作用。不同属、种甚至株原虫微环间存在序列同源性差异,且种内差异大于种间差异(interspe-cific divergence)。因此,分析微环的同源性,可从本质上区分利什曼原虫的不同种、株。
Within the mitochondria of Leishmania and other motile organisms, there is a specific DNA structure known as kinetochore DNA (kDNA). For Leishmania, each kDNA includes tens of thousands of macrocycles and thousands of microcyles. These microcycles are related to the products of guide RNAs (gRNAs), which have the effect of editing macrocycles. There are differences in sequence homology among different genera, species and even strains of protozoan, and the interspecies divergence is greater than interspecific divergence. Therefore, the analysis of the homology of microcycle can essentially distinguish the different species and strains of Leishmania.