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城隍是我国民间和道教的重要神祗。本文对城隍崇祀的几个问题进行了辩证,期望读者多加批评。一城隍神与水庸神无关一般认为城隍神是由周朝蜡祭八神中的水庸神演化而来。古人如明季清初的王敬哉(崇简)在《冬夜笺记》中就训“水”为“隍”,训“庸”为“城”,以为祭水庸即为祭城隍之始,水庸就是后来的城隍神,只是当时未有城隍之名罢了,①。今人如《中国大百科全书·宗教·道教俗神》和任继愈先生主编的《宗教词典》中的《城隍》词条也沿袭了这个说法。我的看法则与之不同,论证如下:
The city wall is an important shrine of folk and Taoism in our country. This article makes a dialectical analysis of several issues concerning the city and the city, and expects readers to criticize it more. One city is not related to water gods. It is generally believed that the city gods were evolved from the water gods of the eight gods in the wax festival of Zhou Dynasty. The ancients, such as Wang Jingyu (Chong Jian) in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, used the words “water” as “隍” in the “Notes for the Winter Nights” and the “Yong” as the “city”. They thought that the worship of Shui Yong was the beginning of the city and water. The melancholy is the later city god, but it was not the name of the city. This term has also been followed by recent entries such as the “City Warblers” in the “Religious Dictionary” edited by the “China Encyclopedia of Religion and Taoism” and the editor of Ren Jiyu. My opinion is different. The argument is as follows: