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小学口算是提高学生速算能力的奠基石,而1~4年级是学生口算能力发展的关键期。在实践研究的基础上,对小学口算的概念、特点、类型以及功能等进行了探讨,然后从四个方面提出了培养小学生口算能力的策略:掌握基本口算方法,从低年级抓起;重视算理教学,引导学生掌握口算技巧;口算方法多样化,注意激发学生兴趣;坚持口算练习适度化,培养学生良好的口算习惯等,为小学数学教学提供参考。
Elementary school is a cornerstone to improve students ’ability to calculate the speed, and 1-4 grades is the critical period for the development of students’ oral ability. On the basis of practical research, the concept, characteristics, types and functions of primary school oral arithmetic are discussed, and then the strategies of training primary school students’ numeracy are proposed from four aspects: to grasp the basic calculation method, starting from the lower grades; Teaching and guidance to guide students to master the oral arithmetic; Diversification of oral arithmetic, pay attention to stimulate students’ interest; adhere to the mouth exercise moderate, cultivate good oral habits of students, etc., provide reference for primary school mathematics teaching.