在通常情况下,除即兴演讲外,演讲者对听众对象、演讲场合、演讲内容和方式,事先都有一定的预知,并经过充分准备。但是,及至临场演讲时以及演讲过程中,因各种原因,演讲的情境如场内气氛、秩序、听众情绪、注意力等则常常是有变化的。这就需要演讲者善于审查时机,忖变形势,随时根据群众情绪因势利导,依照演讲情境的变化随机应变,有效控场,才能收到事半功倍的效果。今年夏季,有一总统访问某国,原准备在国会大厦前的广场上向前来欢迎的群众作书面演讲。当他下飞机乘车来到广场时,雨下不止,广场上一片伞的海洋,数千人在雨 Under normal circumstances, in addition to the impromptu speeches, the presenter has a certain degree of anticipation and adequate preparation for the audience, the speech occasion, the speech content and the manner. However, during the on-the-spot lectures and lectures, the situations of lectures, such as atmosphere, order, audience mood, attention, etc., often change due to various reasons. This requires that the speaker be good at examining the timing and changing the situation. At any time, he or she can receive effective and effective control according to changes in the speech situation at any time. This summer, a president visited a certain country and was prepared to make written speeches at the plaza in front of the parliament building. When he got off the plane and came to the plaza, it was not only raining, but also an ocean of umbrellas in the square, where thousands of people were raining