论文部分内容阅读
剌激性气体的特性与种类剌激性气体的共同点是对人体皮肤黏膜具有剌激作用。根据其水溶性可分成两类:一类为水溶性大的剌激性气体,如氨、氯、氯化氢、二氧化硫、三氧化硫等。其对人体作用的特点是:一旦接触到较湿润的眼结膜及上呼吸道黏膜,立即出现局部剌激症状,即流泪、畏光、结膜充血、流涕、喷嚏、咽痛、呛咳等。如果突然吸入高浓度气体时,可引起喉痉挛、水肿,气管和支气管炎,甚至肺炎、肺水肿。另一类水溶性小的刺激性气体,如氮氧化物、光气等。其对上呼吸道刺激性小,吸入后往往不易被发现。进入呼吸道深部后逐渐与水作用而对肺产生刺激、腐蚀作用,常引起肺水肿。
Irritant gas characteristics and types of irritant gas has the common ground on the human skin and mucous membrane has a stimulating effect. According to its water-soluble can be divided into two categories: a class of water-soluble irritating gases, such as ammonia, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide and so on. Its role on the human body is characterized by: once exposed to the more humid conjunctiva and upper respiratory tract mucosa, immediately appeared local irritation, that is, tears, photophobia, conjunctival congestion, runny nose, sneezing, sore throat, cough and so on. Sudden inhalation of high concentrations of gas can cause laryngospasm, edema, trachea and bronchitis, and even pneumonia and pulmonary edema. Another class of small water-soluble irritant gases, such as nitrogen oxides, phosgene and so on. Its irritation of the upper respiratory tract is small, often difficult to be found after inhalation. After entering the deep respiratory tract gradually with the role of water and stimulate the lungs, corrosive effects, often causing pulmonary edema.