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目的探讨农村学校突发公共卫生事件防控策略。方法搜集2007-2013年某地区农村学校突发公共卫生事件调查研究报告及相关文献,同时将此间上报疾病预防控制中心(简称疾控中心)的农村学校突发公共卫生事件纳入研究范围,整合归纳相关资料并进行描述性统计分析,记录突发公共卫生事件共140件,分类整合该时段内所有突发公共卫生事件的类型、集中月份及学校类型分布情况。结果 1在纳入研究的140起农村学校突发公共卫生事件中,小学所占比例最大,达到63.6%(89起);初中16起(11.4%),高中7起(5.0%),中专10起(7.1%),幼教机构8起(5.7%),普通高校5起(3.6%),说明该地区发生突发公共卫生事件的农村学校集中在乡村小学中。2在纳入研究的140起农村学校突发公共卫生事件中,传染病所占比例最高,达到89.3%。其中水痘报告数量为44起,占总事件的31.4%;其次为流行性腮腺炎,占24.3%;所有事件中食物中毒11起,占总数的7.8%。3在140起农村学校突发公共卫生事件中,3-6月份为高发时段,分别发生16起、30起、26起、17起突发公共卫生事件,占总数的63.6%(89起);9-10月份为另一个发生高峰期,共33件,占总数的23.6%。结论农村学校突发公共卫生事件主要以传染性疾病为主,小学内发生几率较大,且存在健康知识接纳度及普及度不足、安全防御意识淡漠等问题,需要当地政府部门及校方联合制定并实施有效的防控策略,加强日常检查与监督力度,切实落实各项防控要求,以此改善当地农村学校教学环境,降低突发公共卫生事件发生风险,保障正常教学秩序的维持与稳定。
Objective To explore the prevention and control strategies of public health emergencies in rural schools. Methods A survey of public health emergencies in rural schools in a certain area from 2007 to 2013 and related literatures were collected, and the public health emergencies in rural schools submitted to CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) Relevant data and descriptive statistical analysis, a total of 140 public health emergencies were recorded, and the types of all public health emergencies, centralized month and school type distribution in the period were classified and integrated. Results 1 Out of the 140 cases of public health emergencies in rural schools under study, primary schools accounted for the largest proportion, reaching 63.6% (89 cases); 16 junior high schools (11.4%), 7 high schools (5.0%), (7.1%), 8 (5.7%) for preschools, and 5 (3.6%) for general colleges and universities, indicating that rural schools in areas where public health emergencies are occurring are concentrated in rural primary schools. 2 Of the 140 cases of public health emergencies in rural schools under study, infectious diseases accounted for the highest proportion, reaching 89.3%. The number of reported chickenpox was 44, accounting for 31.4% of the total, followed by mumps, accounting for 24.3%. Food poisoning occurred in 11 cases, accounting for 7.8% of the total. 3 Among 140 emergencies in rural schools, there were 16, 30, 26 and 17 public health emergencies respectively, accounting for 63.6% (89 cases) of the total; September-October is another peak period, a total of 33, accounting for 23.6% of the total. Conclusion The main public health emergencies in rural schools are mainly infectious diseases, and there is a high probability of occurrence in primary schools. There are some problems such as the acceptance and popularity of health knowledge, and the indifference of safety and defense awareness. These problems need to be jointly formulated by local government departments and schools Implement effective prevention and control strategies, strengthen routine inspection and supervision, and earnestly implement various prevention and control requirements so as to improve the teaching environment in local rural schools, reduce the risks of public health emergencies and ensure the maintenance and stability of normal teaching order.