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裂缝的发生与扩展是实现岩石破碎的主要过程。以往的研究者,或认为它是剪应力形成的;或主张它受控于拉应力,其理论分析与实际验证均有待于进一步提高。本文根据在扫描电镜内所做的压入试验记录,针对特征裂缝的扩展方向和形态,结合布奇涅希克弹性理论及格里菲思能量准则,进行适量的分析后结论为:岩石静压入破碎中,形成裂缝的应力主要是拉应力,但也不排除剪应力的次要影响。
The occurrence and expansion of cracks is the main process to achieve rock fragmentation. The previous researchers either thought that it was formed by shear stress, or advocated that it was controlled by tensile stress, and its theoretical analysis and actual verification needed to be further improved. In this paper, based on the immersion test records made in SEM, the appropriate directions for the development of the characteristic cracks, combined with the Buchyneschke elasticity theory and the Griffith energy criterion, are concluded as follows: In crushing, the stress that forms the crack is mainly tensile stress, but it does not exclude the secondary effect of shear stress.