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将河北省曲周县1973—2013年夏玉米生产3体系根据当时的农业政策及发展特征分为4个时期,1973—1983年为改土治碱时期、1984—1993年为农业初步发展时期,1994—2003年为农业快速发展时期、2004—2013年为现代农业时期。用生命周期评价方法分析这一生产体系在4个时期的环境代价,结果表明:4个时期的环境影响因子中对能源消耗、全球变暖、环境酸化和富营养化的影响指数是递增的,对人体毒性、水体毒性和土壤毒性的影响指数是递减的;改土治碱时期影响最大的环境因子是富营养化(影响指数均值为0.121 40),其余3个时期的7项影响因子中对水体毒性的影响最大(其影响指数均值分别为0.856 65、0.812 16、0.542 08)。能源消耗主要存在于肥料生产过程,全球变暖主要存在于农资子系统中CO_2的排放以及农作系统中N_2O的排放,环境酸化主要存在于农作子系统中氮肥使用过程的NH_3挥发,富营养化主要存在于农作子系统中的NH_3挥发及NO_3-N淋洗,毒性主要存在于农药使用过程。推广高产高效技术是实现曲周县农业可持续发展、减少环境污染的重要举措。
The system of summer maize production in 1973 ~ 2013 in Quzhou County of Hebei Province was divided into four periods according to the agricultural policies and development characteristics at that time. During 1973-1983, it was the period of soil improvement and alkali control, 1984-1993 was the initial period of agricultural development, 1994-2003 was a period of rapid agricultural development, and 2004-2013 was a period of modern agriculture. The life cycle assessment method was used to analyze the environmental costs of this production system in four periods. The results showed that the index of influence on energy consumption, global warming, environmental acidification and eutrophication among four environmental impact factors increased gradually, The index of influence on human toxicity, aquatic toxicity and soil toxicity is decreasing. The most influential environmental factor during soil amendments is eutrophication (the mean value of influence index is 0.12140), and among the seven influence factors in the other three periods Water toxicity has the greatest impact (the average of the impact index were 0.856 65,0.812 16,0.542 08). Energy consumption mainly occurs in the fertilizer production process. Global warming mainly occurs in the emission of CO 2 from agricultural subsystems and N 2 O in agricultural systems. The environmental acidification mainly occurs in NH 3 volatilization during nitrogen application in farming subsystems, The main nourishment is NH3 volatilization and NO3-N leaching in the farming subsystem. The toxicity mainly exists in the process of pesticide use. The promotion of high yield and high efficiency technology is an important measure to realize the sustainable development of agriculture and reduce the environmental pollution in Quzhou County.