本文分析４例误诊的创伤性膈疝，提出误诊的原因是医生对小儿创伤性膈疝认识不足，检查不细或处置不全面所致。强调凡小儿下胸部或上腹部外伤均应想到有创伤性膈疝之可能。Ｘ线胸部照像和消化管钡剂造影是一可靠之诊断方法。必要时行ＣＴ或腹腔动脉造影，以便及时诊断，早期手术治疗，免得造成不良后果。 This article analyzes 4 cases of misdiagnosed traumatic diaphragmatic hernia, the reason for the misdiagnosis is that doctors lack of understanding of pediatric traumatic diaphragmatic hernia, check not fine or incomplete treatment. Stressed that children under the chest or upper abdominal trauma should think of the possibility of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. X-ray chest imaging and gastrointestinal barium contrast is a reliable diagnostic method. If necessary, CT or celiac angiography, in order to timely diagnosis, early surgical treatment, so as to cause adverse consequences.