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目的：观察异种脱钙骨颗粒（ＨＤＧＢ）与天然型无机骨（ＮＮＢ）复合植入下颌骨缺损后的修复过程、成骨能力及免疫排异反应，比较这种复合材料与ＮＮＢ的差异。方法：将１８只中国白兔下颌骨造成缺损，分别植入ＨＤＧＢ／ＮＮＢ与ＮＮＢ，术后不同时间处死取材，进行Ｘ线摄片、组织学光镜及扫描电镜观察。结果：ＨＤＧＢ／ＮＮＢ组出现较强烈的免疫排异反应，新骨形成极少。ＮＮＢ组术后４周已有新骨出现于缺损区，２０周骨缺损完全愈合。结论：免疫排异反应干扰了ＨＤＧＢ的成骨过程；而ＮＮＢ生物相容性好，无免疫排异反应，有较好的传导成骨能力。
OBJECTIVE: To observe the repair process, osteogenesis ability and immune rejection of bone implanted with heterogeneous decalcified bone particles (HDGB) and natural inorganic bone (NNB), and compare the differences between this composite and NNB. Methods: Eighteen Chinese rabbits were implanted with HDGB / NNB and NNB. The mandibles were sacrificed at different time points after operation. X - ray, histological and scanning electron microscopy observations were performed. Results: HDGB / NNB group showed a strong immune rejection, new bone formation was minimal. In the NNB group, new bone appeared in the defect area 4 weeks after operation, and the bone defect completely healed in 20 weeks. CONCLUSION: Immune rejection disturbs the osteogenesis of HDGB. However, NNB has good biocompatibility, no immune rejection and good osteoconductivity.