本文提出了基于马吕斯定律的偏振光直线位移传感器。对其检测原理与方法以及各主要构成环节进行了讨论。给出了使角度差与直线位移成正比的“同速差动”结构。介绍了消除光学系统非线性的线性化电路方案。此传感器具有光机电结合、量程大、灵敏度高、非接触传感等特点，为直线位移测量提供了新的方法与手段。 In this paper, a linear polarization displacement sensor based on Marius’s law is proposed. The testing principle and method as well as the main components are discussed. The “same speed differential” structure is proposed to make the angle difference proportional to the linear displacement. The linearization circuit scheme to eliminate the nonlinearity of optical system is introduced. The sensor has the characteristics of optical mechanical and electrical integration, large measuring range, high sensitivity and non-contact sensing, and provides a new method and measure for linear displacement measurement.