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论述了北欧海底隧道特别是基岩中开挖的公路隧道的工程经验,目前在北欧已建成25条以上的海底隧道,总长超过100km,大部分在挪威,最长的7.9km,最深的在海平面下264m。所有这些隧道都是用钻爆法进行开挖的。同时,叙述了勘探、规划、设计和施工等诸方面的重要问题,讨论了从这些工程中的经验教训。最后,介绍了规划中的海底隧道,包括长24km、埋深400m的2条隧道。相应地,介绍了其他北欧国家的海底隧道,这些隧道大多也是根据挪威海底隧道的经验进行设计和施工的。
This paper discusses the engineering experience of road tunnels excavated in the Nordic submarine tunnels, especially in bedrock. At present, more than 25 submarine tunnels have been built in northern Europe with a total length of more than 100km, most of them in Norway, the longest 7.9km and the deepest in the sea Under the plane 264m. All of these tunnels are drilled with the blasting method. At the same time, it describes important issues in exploration, planning, design and construction, and discusses the lessons learned from these projects. Finally, the planned submarine tunnel is introduced, including 2 tunnels with a length of 24km and a depth of 400m. Correspondingly, undersea tunnels in other Nordic countries are introduced, most of which are also designed and constructed on the basis of the experience of the Norwegian Cross-Harbor Tunnel.