Objective To determine at the mRNA level whether the MAGE-A1 and -A3 genes are expressedin cancer cell lines from salivary glands and relevant clinical carcinomas, andthus to distinguish cancerous tissues from normal tissues and benign tumors in salivary glands.MethodsThe expression of the MEGE-A1 and MEGE-A3 genes at the mRNA level was determined by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 2 cell lines of human adenoid cyst carcinomas (ACC-2 and ACC-M), in 18 malignant tumors and 9 benign salivary gland tumors, and in 10 samples of normal salivary glandtissues.ResultsBoth MAGE-A1 and -A3 genes were expressed in ACC-2 and ACC-M cell lines. None of the 9 benign tumors or the 10 normal tissue samples of salivary glands expressed the genes. The MAGE-A1 and -A3 genes were expressed in 9 (50%) and 11 (61%) of 18 salivary gland carcinomas, respectively, and at least 1 of the 2 genes was expressed in 14 (78 %) of them. Of the 18 salivary gland carcinomas, 6 low-differentiated carcinomas (33%) expressed both genes, whereas 4 high-differentiated carcinomas (22%) expressed neither gene. ConclusionsThe MAGE-A1 and -A3 genes can be expressed in cancer cell lines of salivary glands and relevant clinical carcinomas in addition to other malignant tumors of various histological origins. The results suggest the possibility of immunotherapy against salivary gland carcinomas by using MAGE-gene-encoded products as target antigens for tumor-rejection.