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根据南盘江流域22个水文站、雨量站31a(1979～2009年)的逐月降水资料,选用标准化降水指数(SPI)为研究指标,以11～3月为研究时段,统计近30a来5个月时间尺度的干旱站次,分析南盘江流域季节性干旱特征;以11～3月5个月时间尺度的SPI多年平均值为指标,进行空间插值,分析南盘江流域干旱的空间分布特征。结果表明:(1)从年际上看,SPI总体上30a来(1980～2009年)呈下降趋势,气象干旱加剧;从年代际上看,1995年以后气象干旱程度有加剧趋势;(2)南盘江流域各个地区都会发生不同程度的气象干旱,旱情总体上由南向北递增,东北部各站点11～3月的降水占全年的比例相对较小,流域内东北部干旱最严重;(3)南盘江流域冬春连旱较严重,应加强水利工程建设,为防旱、抗旱做好相应的准备措施。
According to the monthly precipitation data of 22 hydrological stations and rainfall stations in Nanpanjiang River Basin during the period from 1979 to 2009, the standardized precipitation index (SPI) was selected as the research index. From November to March, the study period was about 30 years Monthly time series of drought stations were used to analyze the characteristics of seasonal drought in Nanpanjiang River Basin. According to the SPI multi-year average of 5-month from November to March, the spatial interpolation was used to analyze the spatial distribution of drought in Nanpanjiang River Basin feature. The results showed as follows: (1) From the perspective of spatiotemporality, the SPI generally decreased for 30 years (from 1980 to 2009) and meteorological drought was aggravated. From the decadal point of view, the degree of meteorological drought tended to increase after 1995; (2) Different degrees of meteorological drought will occur in all areas of Nanpanjiang River Basin. The drought increases as a whole from south to north. The precipitation in all stations in Northeast China from November to March is relatively small, and the drought in northeast part of the basin is the most serious. (3) In the winter and spring in Nanpanjiang River Basin, the serious drought is even more serious. Construction of water conservancy projects should be strengthened in order to make corresponding preparation measures for drought prevention and drought relief.