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钙网蛋白(calreticulin,CRT)是内质网中的Ca2+结合蛋白,对维持细胞内的Ca2+稳态具有重要作用。CRT还可作为分子伴侣,帮助新合成的内质网蛋白正确折叠。除此之外,CRT还出现在细胞膜表面及细胞外环境中,并发挥重要的免疫调节作用。膜表面的CRT参与凋亡细胞的清除和抗肿瘤免疫应答,在T细胞活化早期也发挥重要作用。可溶性CRT出现在自身免疫病患者的血清中,且其浓度与疾病活动度相关。重组可溶性CRT腹腔注射可显著影响小鼠的Th1/Th2平衡。重组可溶性CRT分子不仅具有超强免疫刺激活性,还表现出很强的佐剂效应,提示可溶性CRT可能在自身免疫性疾病的发生与发展过程中发挥一定作用。可以预见,CRT分子的免疫生物学活性将在不久的将来成为该领域研究的一个热点。
Calreticulin (CRT), a Ca2 + -binding protein in the endoplasmic reticulum, plays an important role in maintaining intracellular Ca2 + homeostasis. CRT also acts as a chaperone to help properly synthesize new endoplasmic reticulum proteins. In addition, CRT also appears in the cell membrane surface and extracellular environment, and play an important immunomodulatory effect. The membrane surface of the CRT involved in the clearance of apoptotic cells and anti-tumor immune response, early in the activation of T cells also play an important role. Soluble CRT appears in the sera of patients with autoimmune diseases and its concentration correlates with disease activity. Recombinant soluble CRT intraperitoneal injection can significantly affect the Th1 / Th2 balance in mice. Recombinant soluble CRT molecules not only have super immunostimulatory activity, but also show strong adjuvant effect, suggesting that soluble CRT may play a role in the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases. It is foreseeable that the immunological biological activity of CRT molecules will become a hot spot in this field in the near future.