目的为获得监测县市5岁以下儿童的营养与健康水平和发展趋势的客观信息,分析影响儿童与健康状况的相关因素,提出适宜的措施,制定儿童卫生政策与健康干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层、系统抽样原则抽取鄯善县(农村点)和库尔勒市(城市点)监测点,5岁以下儿童为监测对象,收集身高、体重、胸围、头围等指标按照WHO2006年儿童生长发育标准[1]和Z评分法进行儿童营养与健康状况评价。结果 5岁以下儿童生长低体重率城市组高于农村组(P<0.05),而迟缓率、超重率、肥胖率农村组高于城市组(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义,消瘦率两组比较(P>0.05),差异无统计学意义。结论需进一步做好5岁以下儿童生长发育监测和分析,采取有针对性措施改善儿童营养状况,提高儿童生长发育水平。 Objectives To obtain objective information on the nutrition and health status and development trend of children under 5 years of age in cities and counties, analyze the relevant factors affecting children and health status, propose appropriate measures and provide scientific basis for formulating child health policies and health interventions. Methods The monitoring points of Shanshan County (rural point) and Korla City (city point) were drawn by stratified and systematic sampling principle. The children under 5 years of age were monitored. The height, weight, bust, head circumference and other indicators were collected according to WHO 2006 Developmental criteria [1] and Z score for children’s nutrition and health assessment. Results The rate of low birth weight in urban children under 5 years old was higher than that in rural group (P <0.05), while the rate of slow rate, overweight rate and obesity rate in rural group were higher than those in urban group (P <0.05), the difference was statistically significant There was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion It is necessary to further monitor and analyze the growth and development of children under 5 years of age and take targeted measures to improve the nutritional status of children and improve their growth and development.