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研究青海地方核桃ISSR-PCR最佳扩增体系，以建立反应的最佳条件。采用正交设计，对反应体系中各主要影响因子进行优化。结果表明，青海地方核桃20 µL ISSR-PCR最佳反应体系为：0.45 mmol/L dNTP、0.5 μmol/L Primer、1.75 mmol/L Mg2+、0.75 U Taq Polymerase和80 ng DNA。该反应体系的建立为青海地方核桃在分子水平上研究其遗传多样性研究提供了良好的理论和技术基础。“,”The optimal amplification system of ISSR-PCR of Qinghai local walnut was studied in order to establish the best amplification reaction system. The orthogonal design was used to optimize the main factors of ISSR-PCR amplification system. As a result, in a 20 µL reaction system, the optimal PCR mixture contained 0.45 mmol/L dNTP , 0.5 μmol/L Primer, 1.75 mmol/L Mg2+, 0.75U Taq Polymerase and 80 ng DNA. The establishment of the ISSR-PCR reaction system could supply a good theoretical and technical foundation for further studies on the genetic diversity of walnut in Qinghai at the molecular level.