人体的大多数组织能从各种基质获取能量。中枢神经系统(CNS)能量的唯一来源是葡萄糖的氧化代谢,极度饥饿时例外。CNS中仅储存少量的葡萄糖及糖原,基质的依赖性使大脑极易受体内糖供给明显变化的影响。如果中断糖的供给,CNS的功能将迅速退化,导致不可逆的损伤。其确切机制还不清楚。然而,当并发昏迷时,尽管几乎损耗CNS的所有糖,但高能磷酸盐似乎是充足的。低血糖症状取决于血糖下降的速度。急性低血糖(典型的例子是由于使用胰岛素过多或胰岛素分泌过量)最初的症状是由于肾上腺素 Most of the body’s tissues can extract energy from a variety of substrates. The only source of energy for the central nervous system (CNS) is the oxidative metabolism of glucose, with the exception of extreme hunger. Only a small amount of glucose and glycogen are stored in the CNS, and matrix dependence makes the brain highly susceptible to significant changes in the body’s sugar supply. If the supply of sugar is interrupted, the function of the CNS will rapidly degrade, resulting in irreversible damage. The exact mechanism is unclear. However, when co-morbid, high energy phosphate appears to be adequate despite almost losing all sugar from CNS. Symptoms of hypoglycemia depend on the rate of blood sugar drop. The initial symptoms of acute hypoglycemia (typically due to the use of insulin or excessive insulin secretion) are due to the presence of epinephrine